Understanding and Preventing Hypothermia on a Boat

Hypothermia is a serious medical condition that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing the body temperature to drop below normal levels. It’s crucial for boaters to understand the risks and learn how to prevent and treat hypothermia, especially during cold weather or when immersed in cold water. This guide will cover the basics of hypothermia, how to treat it, and how to stay safe while on the water.

What Is Hypothermia?

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 95°F (35°C), which can have serious, even fatal, consequences if not treated quickly. The body loses heat through various processes, such as exposure to cold air or water, especially if clothing gets wet from rain, waves, or immersion. In cold environments, hypothermia can develop within minutes, particularly if the person is unable to warm themselves. Hypothermia is not limited to winter; it can occur in any season when the water or air temperature is cold enough to cause the body to lose heat. Even on a sunny day, if you fall into cold water or are exposed to wind, hypothermia can develop.

Signs of Hypothermia

Shivering – The body's initial attempt to generate heat through muscle movement.
Cold, Pale Skin – The skin may appear pale, and extremities like fingers and toes may turn blue.
Fatigue – Extreme tiredness or exhaustion, even with minimal physical activity.
Confusion – Difficulty thinking clearly, poor decision-making, or disorientation.
Speech Difficulty – Slurred or slow speech as the body becomes more affected.

Early Symptoms

Severe Symptoms

Shivering Stops – If shivering stops, it’s a sign that the body is losing its ability to generate heat.
Unconsciousness – In extreme cases, the person may lose consciousness.
Slow or Irregular Breathing – Breathing may become shallow or irregular.
Weak Pulse – The heart rate may slow down significantly.
If you or someone else is exhibiting these symptoms, it’s essential to seek immediate medical attention and begin treatment right away.

What Are Treatments For Hypothermia?

Treatments

If hypothermia is suspected, the most important action is to get the person out of the cold environment as quickly as possible.

Here’s how to treat hypothermia on a boat:

Remove the Person from Cold Conditions – Get them out of the cold water or wind as quickly as possible. If they’re in the water, assist them to safety.
Gradually Warm the Body – Warm the individual slowly by covering them with dry clothing and blankets. Avoid using hot water or heating pads, as rapid warming can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.
Warm Drinks – Offer warm, non-alcoholic drinks if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Monitor Breathing and Pulse – Keep track of their breathing and pulse. If the person becomes unconscious or their breathing stops, initiate CPR.
Seek Medical Help – Hypothermia is a medical emergency. Call for help immediately, even if the person appears to be improving.

How to Prevent Hypothermia?

Preventing Hypothermia

Preventing hypothermia is much easier than treating it, and awareness is the key to staying safe on the water. Here are some essential prevention tips for boaters:

Wear Proper Clothing – Layer up with moisture-wicking clothing, thermal layers, and waterproof outer garments. Always wear a life jacket, as it helps retain body heat in cold water.
Stay Dry – Wet clothing accelerates heat loss. If you fall into the water, try to get dry and warm as soon as possible.
Avoid Alcohol – While alcohol can give a temporary feeling of warmth, it actually impairs the body’s ability to regulate temperature.
Know the Water Temperature – Always check water temperatures before heading out. Cold water can lower your body temperature quickly, even in relatively mild air conditions.
Keep Extra Gear Onboard – Have extra clothing, blankets, and a way to signal for help if needed. In colder conditions, a thermal blanket or survival suit can make a huge difference.
Monitor Weather Conditions – Pay attention to changing weather patterns and adjust your boating plans accordingly. If the temperature drops significantly, head back to shore early.